About Kaymakli Underground City
Kaymakli Underground City is one of the remarkable historical sites in Cappadocia, Turkey. Here’s some information about Kaymakli Underground City:
Location: Kaymakli Underground City is located in the Nevsehir Province of Cappadocia, in central Turkey.
History: The underground city was carved out of volcanic tuff rock by early Christians around the 7th to 8th centuries BCE. It served as a place of refuge and protection during times of invasion and persecution.
Structure: Kaymakli Underground City is a multi-level subterranean complex that consists of various interconnected chambers and tunnels. It has several levels, but only four of them are open to the public.
Features: The underground city includes a network of narrow passageways, storage rooms, ventilation shafts, stables, kitchens, churches, and living quarters. It was designed to accommodate thousands of people, with areas designated for various purposes.
Architecture: The underground city showcases the architectural ingenuity of its creators, with carved stone walls, doorways, and wells. The tunnels and chambers are connected by small, low-ceilinged passages and narrow staircases.
Tour Experience: Visitors to Kaymakli Underground City have the opportunity to explore the underground chambers, walk through the tunnels, and learn about the history and significance of this unique archaeological site. Guided tours are available to provide insights into the underground city’s layout, usage, and daily life of its inhabitants.
Notable Areas: The most notable sections of Kaymakli Underground City include the ventilation system, the church, the storage rooms, and the communal living spaces. The ventilation shafts ensured a fresh air supply throughout the underground complex, while the church features carved niches and frescoes.
Cultural Significance: Kaymakli Underground City is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and is an important cultural and historical landmark in Cappadocia. It offers a glimpse into the ancient way of life and the resilience of early Christians in the region.
Visiting Tips: It is advisable to wear comfortable shoes as you will be navigating through narrow passages and stairs. Some areas may have low ceilings, so be prepared to bend or crouch. Also, consider bringing a flashlight as the underground city can be dimly lit in certain sections.
Exploring Kaymakli Underground City provides a unique opportunity to step back in time and marvel at the underground civilization created by early Christians. It is a fascinating historical site that showcases the ingenious architecture and the resourcefulness of its inhabitants.
How to get to Kaymakli Underground City
To get to Kaymakli Underground City in Cappadocia, Turkey, you can follow these general directions:
By Air: The nearest airport to Kaymakli is the Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport (NAV), which is approximately a 40-minute drive away. You can fly into this airport from Istanbul or other major cities in Turkey and then take a taxi or shuttle service to Kaymakli.
By Bus: Cappadocia is well-connected by bus services from major cities in Turkey, including Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. You can take a bus to Nevsehir or Goreme, which are the main towns in the region, and then continue the journey to Kaymakli by taxi or local minibus (dolmus).
By Car: If you have a car or plan to rent one, you can drive to Kaymakli Underground City. From Nevsehir, take the Nevsehir-Nigde road (D765) and follow the signs for Kaymakli. The underground city is located approximately 20 kilometers southwest of Nevsehir.
What to pack for Kaymakli Underground City
When visiting Kaymakli Underground City, it’s important to pack appropriately to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Here are some essential items to consider packing:
Comfortable Shoes: As you’ll be walking and exploring the underground chambers and tunnels, it’s important to wear comfortable, sturdy shoes that provide good support and traction.
Light Clothing: The underground city maintains a relatively cool temperature throughout the year, so it’s advisable to wear lightweight and breathable clothing. However, it’s also a good idea to bring a light jacket or sweater as it can get chilly inside the underground chambers.
Flashlight or Headlamp: The underground city can be dimly lit in certain areas, so having a small flashlight or headlamp can help you navigate through the tunnels and chambers and examine details more closely.
Camera or Smartphone: Don’t forget to bring your camera or smartphone to capture the unique and fascinating features of Kaymakli Underground City. The rock-carved chambers, tunnels, and ancient architecture provide excellent photo opportunities.
Water Bottle: It’s important to stay hydrated, especially when exploring the underground city. Carry a reusable water bottle and fill it up before entering to ensure you have access to drinking water throughout your visit.
Sunscreen and Hat: If you plan to spend time outside the underground city, especially during the warmer months, it’s essential to protect yourself from the sun. Apply sunscreen and wear a hat to shield yourself from direct sunlight.
Backpack or Bag: Carry a small backpack or bag to keep your essentials organized and easily accessible. This can include items like your water bottle, camera, sunscreen, and any personal belongings you may need during your visit.
Snacks: While there may be food vendors or cafes nearby, it’s a good idea to pack some light snacks to keep you energized during your exploration of the underground city.
Cash: Some areas may require an entrance fee or additional charges for guided tours, so it’s advisable to carry some cash in local currency to cover these expenses.
Where to stay in Kaymakli Underground City?
Kaymakli Underground City itself does not have accommodation options since it is primarily a historical site. However, there are several nearby towns and villages in Cappadocia where you can find a range of accommodations. Here are some popular options:
Nevsehir: As the largest city in the region, Nevsehir offers a wide selection of hotels, guesthouses, and boutique accommodations. It’s a convenient base to explore Kaymakli Underground City, as it is located approximately 20 kilometers away.
Goreme: Known for its unique rock formations and cave dwellings, Goreme is a popular tourist destination in Cappadocia. It offers a variety of hotels, hostels, and cave hotels that provide a unique experience. Goreme is approximately 30 kilometers from Kaymakli.
Uchisar: Uchisar is another picturesque town in Cappadocia known for its stunning panoramic views of the region. It has a range of accommodation options, including cave hotels and boutique resorts. Uchisar is approximately 15 kilometers from Kaymakli.
Urgup: Urgup is a charming town in Cappadocia that offers a mix of traditional and modern accommodations. It has numerous hotels, guesthouses, and boutique cave hotels to choose from. Urgup is approximately 25 kilometers from Kaymakli.
What type of climate does Kaymakli Underground City have?
Kaymakli Underground City, located in Cappadocia, Turkey, experiences a continental climate. Here are some characteristics of the climate in the region:
Summers: Summers in Kaymakli Underground City are generally hot and dry. The average temperatures range from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F), with occasional peaks reaching higher temperatures. It is advisable to carry sunscreen, hats, and light clothing to protect yourself from the sun.
Winters: Winters in Kaymakli Underground City can be cold and snowy. The average temperatures range from 0°C to 5°C (32°F to 41°F), with occasional drops below freezing. It is recommended to bring warm clothing, including jackets, hats, scarves, and gloves, especially if you plan to visit during the winter months.
Spring and Autumn: Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer mild and pleasant weather in Kaymakli Underground City. Temperatures during these seasons range from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F), making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and exploring the region.
When is the best time to visit Kaymakli Underground City?
The best time to visit Kaymakli Underground City in Cappadocia, Turkey, is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) seasons. Here’s why:
Mild Weather: During spring and autumn, the weather in Cappadocia is generally pleasant, with mild temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). It’s neither too hot nor too cold, allowing you to comfortably explore the underground city and enjoy outdoor activities in the region.
Lower Tourist Crowds: Spring and autumn are considered shoulder seasons in Cappadocia, meaning there are generally fewer tourists compared to the peak summer season. This allows for a more peaceful and enjoyable experience as you explore the underground city without large crowds.
Colorful Landscapes: In spring, the region comes alive with blooming flowers and vibrant greenery, creating a picturesque landscape. Autumn also brings beautiful colors as the leaves change, creating a stunning backdrop for your visit to Kaymakli Underground City.
Festivals and Events: Cappadocia hosts various cultural events and festivals during spring and autumn, providing an opportunity to experience local traditions, music, and cuisine. The International Hot Air Balloon Festival in July is also a popular event that attracts visitors from around the world.
It’s important to note that Cappadocia can be visited year-round, and each season offers its own unique charm. However, summer can be hot and crowded, while winter can be cold with occasional snowfall. If you prefer milder weather and fewer tourists, spring and autumn are the recommended times to visit Kaymakli Underground City and explore the wider Cappadocia region.
The history of Kaymakli Underground City
Kaymakli Underground City has a rich and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. Here’s an overview of its historical background:
Ancient Origins: The underground cities in Cappadocia, including Kaymakli, were initially carved out of the soft volcanic rock by the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian civilization, around the 2nd millennium BCE. These early underground structures were primarily used for storage and protection during times of war.
Byzantine Period: During the Byzantine era (4th to 11th centuries CE), the region of Cappadocia became an important center for early Christianity. Christians fleeing persecution and seeking refuge from invading forces used the underground cities as hiding places and places of worship. Kaymakli Underground City played a significant role in providing shelter and security to the Christian communities during this time.
Seljuk and Ottoman Influence: In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks began to settle in the region, followed by the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century. Kaymakli Underground City continued to serve as a refuge for local populations during periods of conflict and instability.
Cultural Heritage: In 1985, the underground cities of Cappadocia, including Kaymakli, were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. This recognition highlights the exceptional value of these subterranean dwellings and their significance in the region’s cultural history.
Today, Kaymakli Underground City stands as a remarkable testament to the ancient civilizations that inhabited the region and their ingenuity in carving out extensive underground complexes. It provides visitors with a unique glimpse into the daily life, architecture, and cultural practices of the past. Guided tours and educational exhibits within the underground city offer insights into its historical context and the ways in which people adapted to their surroundings for survival and protection.
Famous firsts and greatest of Kaymakli Underground City
Kaymakli Underground City, being one of the remarkable underground complexes in Cappadocia, has several notable aspects that contribute to its fame and significance. Here are some of the famous firsts and greatest features of Kaymakli Underground City:
Extensive Underground Complex: Kaymakli is one of the largest and deepest underground cities in Cappadocia, with multiple levels extending several stories below ground. It has been estimated to have at least eight levels, although only four are currently open to the public. The vastness and complexity of the underground city showcase the impressive engineering and architectural achievements of its creators.
Historical Significance: Kaymakli Underground City played a crucial role in the region’s history, serving as a place of refuge and protection for various civilizations throughout the centuries. It exemplifies the ingenuity and adaptability of ancient communities in creating secure underground settlements.
Unique Architecture and Design: The underground city features an intricate network of tunnels, chambers, ventilation shafts, and wells, all hewn out of the soft volcanic rock. The architecture displays remarkable craftsmanship, considering the limited tools and technology available at the time of its construction.
Multi-functional Spaces: Kaymakli Underground City comprises various functional areas, including living quarters, storage rooms, kitchens, stables, wineries, and churches. The design and layout of these spaces demonstrate the sophisticated planning and organization that went into creating a self-contained underground community.
Preservation of Cultural Heritage: The preservation and restoration efforts carried out in Kaymakli Underground City have helped to safeguard its historical and cultural significance. The site allows visitors to experience and learn about the daily life, traditions, and architectural techniques of the past.
The 15 best things to do in Kaymakli Underground City
Exploring Kaymakli Underground City offers a unique and immersive experience into the ancient underground dwellings of Cappadocia. Here are 15 of the best things to do when visiting Kaymakli:
- Take a Guided Tour: Join a guided tour to learn about the history, architecture, and significance of Kaymakli Underground City from knowledgeable guides.
- Descend into the Underground: Venture into the underground passages and chambers of Kaymakli to explore its multi-level layout and intricate tunnels.
- Marvel at the Architecture: Admire the impressive architectural features, including ventilation shafts, stone-carved doorways, and the cleverly designed defense mechanisms.
- Discover the Living Quarters: Explore the living spaces of Kaymakli, such as rooms, kitchens, and storage areas, to gain insight into how people lived in this underground city.
- Visit the Church: Explore the underground church within Kaymakli, featuring beautiful frescoes and religious symbols carved into the rock walls.
- Experience the Narrow Passageways: Traverse the narrow tunnels and passages, experiencing the unique atmosphere of being deep underground.
- Learn about Underground Life: Discover the ingenious systems for ventilation, water supply, and communication that were developed by the inhabitants of Kaymakli.
- Admire the Stonework: Appreciate the intricate stonework and craftsmanship found throughout the underground city.
- Imagine the Past: Let your imagination transport you to a time when Kaymakli was a bustling underground community, and envision the daily life of its inhabitants.
- Photograph the Underground City: Capture the unique ambiance and architectural details of Kaymakli Underground City through photography.
- Attend Cultural Events: Check if there are any cultural events or exhibitions taking place at Kaymakli that offer a deeper understanding of its history and heritage.
- Learn from Interpretive Displays: Engage with informative displays and exhibits that provide additional insights into the history and significance of Kaymakli.
- Enjoy the Underground Coolness: Appreciate the cool temperature within the underground city, offering respite from the heat during summer months.
- Take in the Surrounding Landscape: Step outside Kaymakli and enjoy the panoramic views of the Cappadocian landscape, including the fairy chimneys and unique rock formations.
- Combine with Other Cappadocia Attractions: Pair your visit to Kaymakli with other nearby attractions in Cappadocia, such as Göreme Open Air Museum, Uçhisar Castle, or hot air balloon rides for a more comprehensive experience of the region.
What is the best places to visit in Kaymakli Underground City?
Here are some of the best places to visit within Kaymakli:
Main Entrance: Begin your exploration at the main entrance, where you will descend into the underground city and get a sense of its scale and complexity.
Ventilation Shafts: Take a closer look at the ventilation shafts, which allowed fresh air to circulate throughout the underground city. These shafts are an impressive engineering feat and demonstrate the advanced planning and construction techniques used.
Tunnels and Passages: Wander through the interconnected tunnels and narrow passages, marveling at the ancient rock-carved walls and intricate network of pathways. These areas showcase the architectural ingenuity of the underground city.
Living Quarters: Explore the various living quarters and rooms, which were used for sleeping, cooking, and daily activities. Get a glimpse into the living conditions and lifestyle of the people who once inhabited Kaymakli.
Storage Areas: Visit the storage rooms, where food, water, and supplies were kept to sustain the underground community during times of siege or danger. These rooms provide insights into the self-sufficiency and strategic planning of the inhabitants.
Church: Discover the underground church within Kaymakli, adorned with beautiful frescoes and religious symbols. Admire the artwork and learn about the role of religion in the lives of the underground city’s residents.
Stables: Visit the stables, which were used to house animals such as horses and livestock. These areas reflect the importance of animal husbandry in the daily life of the underground community.
Winery: Explore the underground winery, where grapes were pressed and wine was produced. Gain an understanding of the agricultural practices and cultural traditions of the people who resided in Kaymakli.
Defense Mechanisms: Observe the defensive features, such as rolling stone doors and small holes for pouring hot oil on intruders, which were designed to protect the underground city from invaders.
Wells: Take note of the wells scattered throughout Kaymakli, which provided a vital water source for the underground inhabitants. These wells were carefully designed to access groundwater in the region.
Interpretive Displays: Engage with interpretive displays and information boards that provide historical context and detailed explanations about the various areas and features of Kaymakli.
Photography Spots: Capture memorable photographs of the unique underground environment, from the stone-carved doorways to the intricate details of the rock walls.
The best Kaymakli Underground City Tours
When visiting Kaymakli Underground City, you have the option to join guided tours that provide informative insights into the history, architecture, and significance of the site. Here are some of the best Kaymakli Underground City tours to consider:
Guided Group Tours: Join a guided group tour that takes you through the underground chambers, tunnels, and highlights of Kaymakli. These tours are led by knowledgeable guides who share historical information and stories about the underground city.
Private Tours: Opt for a private tour of Kaymakli Underground City, where you can have a personalized experience tailored to your interests and pace. This allows for more flexibility and the opportunity to ask questions directly to your guide.
Combined Cappadocia Tours: Choose a tour that combines multiple attractions in Cappadocia, including Kaymakli Underground City, Göreme Open Air Museum, Uçhisar Castle, and other notable sites. These comprehensive tours provide a broader exploration of the region’s historical and cultural heritage.
Photography Tours: If you’re a photography enthusiast, consider joining a photography tour that focuses on capturing the unique beauty and ambiance of Kaymakli Underground City. These tours provide tips and guidance on capturing the best shots.
Cultural and Historical Tours: Look for tours that offer a deeper cultural and historical perspective, delving into the stories, customs, and traditions associated with Kaymakli and its underground communities.