About Adana
Adana is a major city in southern Turkey situated in the fertile Cilician plain. It’s the administrative seat of the Adana Province and is one of the largest cities in the country.
Geography and Climate: The city is located close to the Mediterranean Sea and is set on the Seyhan River, which bisects the city before running into the Mediterranean. The land is notably flat and is surrounded by vast cotton plantations. Adana experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and mild and wet winters.
History: Adana has a rich and diverse history that dates back to the Hittite Empire, around 16th century BC. The city was later conquered by the Romans, Arabs, Byzantines, Seljuks, and finally, the Ottomans. Throughout its history, Adana has been a strategically important city due to its location.
Economy: Adana is a vital center for the country’s agriculture industry, primarily known for cotton production. The city also has an extensive industrial base with industries ranging from food and beverages, textiles, to machinery and petrochemicals. The commercial heart of the city is home to businesses, shops, and offices.
Tourism and Culture: While not a tourist hotspot like Istanbul or Antalya, Adana still offers attractions worth seeing. These include the beautiful Sabancı Central Mosque, the ancient Roman Stone Bridge (Taşköprü), and the bustling Kazancilar Bazaar. The city is also famous for its culinary scene, particularly for the Adana Kebab. The Adana Cinema Museum and Adana Archaeological Museum are among the cultural landmarks of the city.
Transportation: Adana has a well-developed transport infrastructure including Adana Şakirpaşa Airport with domestic and international flights. It also has an extensive road network and railway connections to different parts of Turkey. The city’s public transportation includes buses, minibuses, and a metro system.
Events: One of the major events in the city is the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, one of the most extensive film festivals in Turkey.
How to get to Adana
Adana, a major city in southern Turkey, is well-connected with the rest of the country and major international cities through various modes of transportation.
By Air:
Adana Şakirpaşa Airport (ADA) is the primary airport serving the city. It’s located only 5 km away from the city center and offers both domestic and international flights. Major airlines like Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines serve this airport. From the airport, you can reach the city center by taxi, airport shuttle buses, or by renting a car.
By Train:
Adana is part of the Turkish State Railways network, and it is well-connected by rail with major Turkish cities including Istanbul, Ankara, and Kayseri. The Central Train Station in Adana is in the city center. The high-speed train service (YHT) in Turkey also connects Ankara with Adana.
By Bus:
Long-distance buses from many parts of Turkey arrive at the Adana Otogar (bus station), located on the city outskirts. Several companies operate comfortable, modern coaches with services like Wi-Fi and complimentary refreshments. From the Otogar, you can take a city bus, taxi, or minibus (dolmuş) to the city center.
By Road:
If you prefer driving, the well-maintained Turkish highway system connects Adana with other major cities. It’s around a 5-hour drive from Ankara, a 3-hour drive from Antalya, and a 1.5-hour drive from Mersin.
What to pack for Adana
1. Spring and Autumn (March to June, September to November):
During these transitional seasons, temperatures range from mild to warm, but there can be occasional rainfall. You should pack:
Lightweight clothing for the day
A medium-weight sweater or jacket for the cooler evenings
Comfortable walking shoes
An umbrella or light rain jacket
Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat for sun protection
2. Summer (June to September):
Adana’s summers are hot and humid, sometimes exceeding 40°C (104°F). For this season, pack:
Lightweight, breathable clothing. Consider long-sleeved items or a light shawl to protect against the sun.
Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a wide-brimmed hat
Swimsuit if you plan to swim
Comfortable sandals
3. Winter (December to February):
Winters in Adana are relatively mild, with some rainfall. For this season, pack:
Medium to heavy-weight clothing. Layers work well for the fluctuating temperatures.
A waterproof jacket or umbrella
Closed-toe shoes or boots
Where to stay in Adana?
Here are some of the areas to consider:
City Center: This is the heart of Adana, where you’ll find numerous attractions, shops, restaurants, and public transportation options. This area is ideal for those who want to be close to the action. Notable hotels here include the Sheraton Grand Adana and Adana HiltonSA.
Seyhan: Named after the Seyhan River, this district hosts a blend of residential and commercial areas. Seyhan is known for its authentic Adana experience, with many local eateries and traditional markets. You can find hotels like Divan Adana and Seyhan Sarus Hotel in this area.
Çukurova: This is a more residential district with various parks and recreational areas. It’s a bit farther from the city center, but it offers a quieter, more relaxed environment. There are several boutique and budget-friendly hotels in this district.
Yüreğir: This district is on the other side of the Seyhan River and offers a more local vibe. There are several budget-friendly accommodations in this area, as well as a good number of local restaurants and shops.
What type of climate does Adana have?
Adana, located in the southern part of Turkey, has a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot and humid summers and mild to cool, wet winters.
In the summer months, which run roughly from June through September, temperatures often rise above 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), and can even reach above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). These months see the least amount of rainfall and have plenty of sunny days.
Winter, roughly from December to February, is cooler with temperatures usually ranging between 5-15 degrees Celsius (41-59 degrees Fahrenheit). Rain is more frequent during the winter months, and the city can occasionally experience a light frost, but snowfall is very rare.
Spring and autumn serve as transitional seasons with milder temperatures and less extreme weather conditions, making them popular times for visiting.
When is the best time to visit Adana?
The best time to visit Adana would be during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is warm and pleasant. During these months, the temperatures are usually moderate, and the rainfall is relatively low. This makes it an ideal time for sightseeing and other outdoor activities.
Summers in Adana can be quite hot and humid, with temperatures often rising above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), making outdoor exploration less comfortable for many. However, if you enjoy hot weather, you might still enjoy visiting during this time.
Winters, from December to February, are cooler and wetter, though temperatures rarely drop to freezing. This can be a good time to visit if you prefer to avoid the heat and larger crowds.
The history of Adana
Adana, one of the oldest settlements in the world, has a rich and complex history stretching back thousands of years.
Archaeological findings suggest that the area around Adana has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, around 6000 B.C. The city was first mentioned by name in Hittite inscriptions from the 14th century BC, and it later fell under the control of various ancient powers, including the Assyrians, Persians, and Greeks.
In 66 BC, Adana was incorporated into the Roman province of Cilicia. Under Roman and later Byzantine rule, the city grew and prospered. It became an important center of trade and culture due to its strategic location.
Adana was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century, and later it fell under the control of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. In the early 16th century, Adana became part of the Ottoman Empire. It remained under Ottoman rule until the empire’s dissolution after World War I.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Adana was the site of significant social and political unrest, culminating in the Adana Massacre in 1909, during which thousands of Armenians were killed.
After World War I, Adana was occupied by French forces, but it was returned to Turkish control after the War of Independence. The city has since become a vital part of modern Turkey, renowned for its cotton production and vibrant culture.
Famous firsts and greatest of Adana
Adana, known as one of the oldest settlements in the world, has many significant “firsts” and notable achievements throughout its rich and varied history.
Ancient Cultural Heritage: As an ancient city dating back to the Neolithic age, Adana is home to many archaeological sites, including the ancient city of Tarsus, the birthplace of the Apostle Paul, and the Roman-era Misis Mosaic Museum.
Agricultural Achievements: Adana is renowned as one of Turkey’s leading agricultural provinces, producing significant amounts of cotton, citrus fruits, and other crops. Its fertile Çukurova plain has been an agricultural hub for millennia.
Adana Cuisine: The city is famous for its culinary traditions, particularly the Adana kebab, a spicy minced meat skewer that’s recognized as one of Turkey’s greatest contributions to world cuisine.
Sabancı Central Mosque: Opened in 1998, this mosque is one of the largest in Turkey, with a capacity for 28,500 people. Its size and architectural style, which blends Ottoman and Seljuk elements, make it one of Adana’s most impressive landmarks.
Adana International Film Festival: This event, held annually since 1969, is one of the oldest and most prestigious film festivals in Turkey, highlighting the city’s cultural importance.
The Stone Bridge (Taşköprü): This ancient bridge crossing the Seyhan River in Adana is considered one of the oldest bridges in the world still in use.
Historical places of Adana
Adana is rich in historical landmarks, with roots that trace back to the Hittite period and beyond. Here are some notable historical sites to visit in Adana:
Taşköprü (Stone Bridge): An iconic symbol of Adana, Taşköprü is an ancient Roman stone bridge that crosses the Seyhan River. It’s considered one of the oldest bridges in the world still in use.
Adana Archaeological Museum: The museum houses an extensive collection of artifacts from the surrounding region, including Neolithic, Hittite, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods.
Grand Mosque (Ulu Camii): Located in the old town area of Adana, the Grand Mosque is an Ottoman-era mosque known for its beautiful architecture and calligraphy.
Sabancı Central Mosque: One of the largest mosques in Turkey, the Sabancı Central Mosque is a modern architectural marvel that combines elements of Ottoman and Seljuk styles.
Ancient City of Anavarza: Located to the north of Adana, the ancient city of Anavarza was once a bustling Roman city. The city’s remains include an ancient stadium, city walls, and an impressive triumphal arch.
Misis Mosaic Museum: The museum displays stunning mosaics unearthed from the ancient town of Misis, including a renowned Noah’s Ark Mosaic.
Atatürk House Museum: This museum is housed in the former residence of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, during his visits to Adana. It features various personal items and photographs related to his life.
Ramazanoğlu Hall: A fine example of traditional Turkish architecture, this historical mansion was used as a guest house during the Ramazanoğlu period and has been beautifully preserved.
Kazancilar Bazaar: This is an old traditional market that offers a fascinating insight into the historical culture of Adana.
Who is the most famous people in the history of Adana?
Here are a few notable figures who have connections with Adana:
Yılmaz Güney: Known as the “Ugly King”, Yılmaz Güney was a celebrated film director, screenwriter, and actor, noted for his films that delved into the lives of the poor and working class. He was born in Adana.
Şevval Sam: She is a popular Turkish actress and singer who was born in Adana. Her father, Lütfü Sam, was one of the notable musicians in Turkey.
Fikri Sağlar: He was born in Adana and is a prominent Turkish politician and former Minister of Culture.
The 15 best things to do in Adana
- Explore the Adana Merkez Park: Relax in the city’s central park, which features beautiful gardens, fountains, and recreational areas.
- Visit the Adana Archaeology Museum: Discover the region’s rich history through the museum’s collection of artifacts and archaeological exhibits.
- Stroll along Seyhan River: Enjoy a leisurely walk along the scenic riverfront, lined with cafes, restaurants, and parks.
- Adana Sabancı Central Mosque: Admire the stunning architecture of this modern mosque, one of the largest in Turkey.
- Taste Adana Kebab: Indulge in the city’s famous local dish, Adana kebab, known for its spicy and flavorful grilled meat.
- Explore Adana’s Old Town: Wander through the narrow streets of the historic quarter, known for its traditional houses and bazaars.
- Visit the Stone Bridge (Taşköprü): Cross the iconic 2nd-century Roman bridge, offering beautiful views of the city and the Seyhan River.
- Discover the Adana Great Clock Tower: Admire the historical clock tower, a symbol of the city, located in the city center.
- Explore Adana Atatürk Museum: Learn about the life and achievements of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, at this museum dedicated to him.
- Enjoy a boat ride on the Seyhan Dam Lake: Take a relaxing boat trip on the lake, surrounded by picturesque landscapes and greenery.
- Visit the Sabancı Mosque: Marvel at the grandeur of this impressive mosque, known for its unique architecture and intricate details.
- Shop at the Adana Central Market: Explore the bustling market, offering a wide range of fresh produce, spices, textiles, and handicrafts.
- Attend a performance at the Adana State Theatre: Enjoy a cultural evening by watching a play, ballet, or concert at the city’s renowned theater.
- Explore the Adana Museum of Ethnography: Learn about the traditional lifestyle, customs, and culture of the region through its exhibits.
- Experience the Adana International Film Festival: If your visit coincides with the festival, immerse yourself in the world of cinema and attend film screenings and events.
What is the best places to visit in Adana?
Here are some of the best places to visit in Adana:
Sabancı Central Mosque: Admire the stunning architecture of this modern mosque, one of the largest in Turkey.
Adana Merkez Park: Relax in the city’s central park, which features beautiful gardens, fountains, and recreational areas.
Adana Archaeology Museum: Discover the region’s rich history through the museum’s collection of artifacts and archaeological exhibits.
Seyhan River: Stroll along the riverfront and enjoy the scenic views, cafes, and parks.
Stone Bridge (Taşköprü): Cross the iconic Roman bridge, offering beautiful views of the city and the Seyhan River.
Adana Atatürk Museum: Learn about the life and achievements of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, at this museum dedicated to him.
Adana Sabancı Art Center: Explore contemporary art exhibitions and cultural events at this art center.
Adana Great Clock Tower: Admire the historical clock tower, a symbol of the city, located in the city center.
Grand Bazaar: Experience the vibrant atmosphere of the traditional market, known for its textiles, spices, and local products.
Misis Mosaic Museum: Marvel at the ancient Roman mosaics and artifacts on display at this archaeological museum.
Adana Science and Technology Center: Engage in interactive exhibits and scientific experiments at this educational center.
Adana Central Mosque: Visit this beautiful mosque known for its intricate details and peaceful ambiance.
Adana Bebekli Church: Explore the historic Armenian church, dating back to the 19th century.
Adana City Theatre: Enjoy a cultural performance, including plays, ballets, and concerts, at this renowned theater.
Ataturk Park: Relax in this urban park, known for its green spaces, walking paths, and recreational facilities.
The best Adana Tours
Here are some of the best Adana tours you can consider:
City Sightseeing Tour: Explore the highlights of Adana, including historical sites, cultural landmarks, and local markets, with a guided city sightseeing tour.
Food and Culinary Tour: Discover the rich culinary heritage of Adana by joining a food tour that takes you to local restaurants and markets to sample traditional dishes and specialties.
Walking Tour of the Old Town: Take a leisurely walk through Adana’s historic Old Town, exploring its narrow streets, Ottoman-era architecture, and hidden gems with a knowledgeable guide.
Seyhan River Boat Tour: Enjoy a relaxing boat tour along the Seyhan River, admiring the cityscape, bridges, and natural beauty along the way.
Adana Archaeological Sites Tour: Visit the ancient ruins and archaeological sites in and around Adana, including the Misis Ruins and the Karatepe-Aslantaş Open-Air Museum.
Cultural and Heritage Tour: Immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Adana by visiting museums, art centers, and historical sites that showcase the city’s history and traditions.
Places to visit in Adana in winter
Here are some suggestions:
Sabancı Central Mosque: Admire the grandeur of the Sabancı Central Mosque, one of the largest mosques in Turkey, known for its impressive architecture and intricate designs.
Adana Archaeology Museum: Explore the rich history of Adana and its surrounding region at the Adana Archaeology Museum, which houses a collection of artifacts from various ancient civilizations.
Taşköprü (Stone Bridge): Take a walk along the historic Taşköprü, a Roman stone bridge spanning the Seyhan River. Enjoy the scenic views and capture some beautiful photos.
Ataturk Scientific and Cultural Museum: Visit the former house of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, which has been converted into a museum showcasing his personal belongings and exhibits about his life.
Adana Merkez Park: Enjoy a peaceful stroll or a picnic in the Adana Merkez Park, a large urban park with beautiful landscapes, ponds, and recreational areas.
Grand Bazaar: Explore the bustling Grand Bazaar in Adana, where you can shop for traditional Turkish products, handicrafts, spices, and more.
Adana City Museum: Learn about the history and culture of Adana at the Adana City Museum, which offers displays and exhibitions showcasing the city’s heritage.
Adana Ethnography Museum: Discover the local culture and traditions of Adana at the Ethnography Museum, featuring exhibits of traditional clothing, tools, and artifacts.
Adana Science and Technology Center: Engage in interactive exhibits and educational activities related to science and technology at the Adana Science and Technology Center.
Misis Mosaic Museum: Visit the Misis Mosaic Museum, which displays ancient Roman mosaics discovered in the nearby ancient city of Misis.
Places to visit in Adana in summer
Here are some suggestions:
Seyhan Dam and Lake: Escape the heat by visiting Seyhan Dam and Lake, a popular spot for boating, picnicking, and enjoying water activities.
Yilankale (Snake Castle): Explore the ruins of Yilankale, an ancient castle situated on a hilltop overlooking the city. Enjoy panoramic views of Adana and the surrounding landscape.
Sabancı Central Mosque: Admire the magnificent Sabancı Central Mosque, known for its architectural beauty and peaceful atmosphere.
Ataturk House Museum: Visit the Ataturk House Museum, the former residence of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and learn about the life and achievements of Turkey’s founder.
Adana Archaeology Museum: Discover the region’s rich history and archaeological artifacts at the Adana Archaeology Museum.
Adana Merkez Park: Enjoy the shade and greenery of Adana Merkez Park, where you can relax, have a picnic, or take a leisurely walk.
Stone Bridge: Take a stroll across the historic Stone Bridge (Taşköprü), an iconic symbol of Adana spanning the Seyhan River.
Adana Botanical Garden: Escape the city and immerse yourself in the beauty of nature at the Adana Botanical Garden, which features a wide variety of plant species.
Adana City Museum: Learn about Adana’s history and cultural heritage through exhibitions and displays at the Adana City Museum.
Misis Mosaic Museum: Explore the Misis Mosaic Museum and marvel at the ancient Roman mosaics discovered in the nearby ancient city of Misis.
Adana’s nightlife
Here are some highlights of Adana’s nightlife:
Kizilay Street (Kızılay Caddesi): This bustling street is known for its vibrant atmosphere and lined with numerous bars, cafes, and restaurants. It’s a popular spot for locals and visitors to enjoy a night out.
Ziyapaşa Boulevard: Located in the heart of the city, Ziyapaşa Boulevard is another popular area with a variety of bars, pubs, and cafes where you can relax and enjoy a drink.
Barlar Sokağı (Bar Street): As the name suggests, Barlar Sokağı is a street lined with bars and pubs, offering a lively atmosphere and a wide range of drink options.
Club Havuzlu: This well-known club in Adana hosts live music performances and DJ sets, attracting a young and energetic crowd.
Mango Bar: Mango Bar is a popular spot in the city center with a vibrant ambiance and live music, ranging from rock to Turkish pop.
İstasyon Meyhane: Located in a historic train station building, İstasyon Meyhane offers a unique atmosphere for enjoying traditional Turkish meze (appetizers) and drinks.
Adana State Theater: If you’re interested in cultural events, check out the program at Adana State Theater, which hosts various theatrical performances, concerts, and dance shows.
Park Çay Bahçesi: Enjoy a relaxing evening at Park Çay Bahçesi, a tea garden located in the city center, offering a peaceful ambiance and a wide selection of teas.
What is the traditional food of Adana?
Adana is famous for its rich and flavorful cuisine, particularly its traditional kebabs. The most well-known dish from Adana is Adana Kebab, which is a spicy and delicious grilled meat skewer made from ground lamb or beef. The meat is mixed with various spices, including red pepper flakes, salt, and black pepper, then grilled on a skewer over charcoal fire. It is typically served with flatbread, grilled vegetables, and a side of yogurt.
Apart from Adana Kebab, here are some other traditional foods you can enjoy in Adana:
Şırdan: This is a traditional dish made from the intestines of sheep or lamb, stuffed with a mixture of rice, ground meat, onions, and spices. It is usually boiled and then grilled or fried.
Ciğer (Liver): Adana is famous for its grilled liver, which is seasoned with spices and served with onions and sumac.
Analı Kızlı: Analı Kızlı is a type of meat dish made with ground meat, onions, garlic, and various spices. It is typically served with a yogurt and tomato sauce.
Bici Bici: Bici Bici is a refreshing dessert made with shredded ice, coconut milk, rosewater, and various toppings such as diced fruit, nuts, and raisins.
Aşlama: Aşlama is a traditional soup made with lamb or beef, potatoes, onions, and tomatoes, seasoned with spices and herbs.
Kabak Tatlısı (Pumpkin Dessert): This is a popular dessert in Adana made from boiled pumpkin, sugar, and cinnamon, often served with tahini.
Künefe: Although not exclusive to Adana, Künefe is a popular dessert in the region. It consists of a layer of shredded filo dough filled with sweet cheese and soaked in syrup, then baked until crispy and golden.
The best restaurants in Adana
Kazancılar Çiğ Köfte: A popular spot for Adana’s famous çiğ köfte, a traditional raw meat dish mixed with bulgur, spices, and herbs.
Özler Restaurant: A well-established restaurant serving authentic Adana kebabs, grilled meats, and traditional Turkish dishes in a cozy atmosphere.
Zeytinalanı Restaurant: Located in a beautiful garden setting, this restaurant offers a diverse menu featuring Adana kebabs, fresh seafood, and vegetarian options.
Taşköprü Restaurant: Known for its delicious Adana kebabs and wide selection of mezes, this restaurant offers a lively atmosphere and a scenic view of the Seyhan River.
Cezayir Restaurant: Situated in a historic building, Cezayir Restaurant offers a blend of Turkish and international cuisine, with a focus on fresh ingredients and innovative flavors.
Kebapçı İsmail: This popular eatery is known for its flavorful Adana kebabs, served with all the traditional accompaniments.
Kadıoğlu Lokantası: A traditional Turkish lokanta (eatery) that serves a variety of home-style dishes, including stews, kebabs, and vegetarian options.
Şekerci Cafer Erol: A renowned dessert shop that has been in business since 1888, offering a wide selection of traditional Turkish sweets and pastries.
What is the most popular gift in Adana?
Here are a few ideas:
Adana Kebab Spices: Adana is famous for its flavorful and spicy kebabs. You can find pre-packaged Adana kebab spice blends that allow you to recreate the authentic taste at home. This makes for a unique and tasty gift for food enthusiasts.
Çarşı Bazaar Souvenirs: Adana’s historic Çarşı Bazaar is a treasure trove of traditional items. You can find various handmade crafts, including copperware, ceramics, jewelry, and textiles. These artisanal products make for beautiful and meaningful gifts.
Baklava and Sweets: Adana is known for its delicious sweets and pastries. Baklava, a rich and sweet pastry made of layers of filo filled with nuts and honey, is a popular choice. You can find freshly made baklava and other traditional sweets in local sweet shops.
Traditional Textiles: Adana has a rich textile heritage, and you can find a variety of woven fabrics and textiles. Handwoven rugs, carpets, and kilims are popular choices for those looking to bring home a piece of Adana’s craftsmanship.
Sedef Jewelry: Sedef is a traditional jewelry style that incorporates mother-of-pearl and colorful stones. Adana is known for its skilled artisans who create intricate sedef jewelry pieces. These unique and elegant accessories make for memorable gifts.
Traditional Musical Instruments: Adana is also famous for its traditional music. Instruments like the bağlama (a stringed instrument) and the darbuka (a type of drum) can be found in local music stores. These instruments make for distinctive and culturally significant gifts.
Adana Orange Products: Adana is known for its juicy and flavorful oranges. You can find various orange products like orange marmalade, orange blossom water, and orange-infused treats. These make for refreshing and locally sourced gifts.