Termessos: The City That Alexander The Great Could Not Conquer

Alexander the Great was a great commander, he conquered the lands from Greece to India.

But when he came to Termessos for another victory, Termessos was like: “You shall not pass”

The ancient city, reigning over the Gulludag of Antalya, is mostly comprised of the ancient ruins and remains of past glorious days. Here, you will have the chance to discover the daily life of the Termessos’ former residents from the gymnasium to the baths, theatre, and the temple dedicated to Artemis and many more.

If you are interested in visiting a victorious city, Termessos is a great choice.

Termessos is located approximately 34 kilometers northwest of the city of Antalya, Turkey.

Here are several ways you can get to Termessos from Antalya:

By Car: If you have access to a car, this is the most convenient way to get to Termessos. The journey takes around 45 minutes. Drive north out of Antalya on the D650 highway. Follow the signs to Korkuteli until you see the signs for Termessos National Park.

By Taxi: You can also take a taxi from Antalya, but keep in mind that the journey might be quite costly due to the distance.

By Bus: Another option is to take a public bus from Antalya to the road junction for Termessos on the Antalya-Korkuteli highway. From there, you will need to hike or get a taxi to the site as the ruins of Termessos are about 9 kilometers from the main road.

Tour Groups: Many travel agencies in Antalya organize day trips to Termessos. This can be a good option if you prefer not to arrange transport independently. A guided tour can also provide valuable historical context for the site.

Here are some things you might want to consider packing:

Comfortable Footwear: You’ll be doing a lot of walking, some of which may be over uneven ground, so good walking shoes are essential.

Water: There are no facilities at the site, so make sure to bring enough water to stay hydrated during your visit.

Food/Snacks: Similarly, pack some snacks or a picnic lunch, especially if you plan to spend a few hours exploring the site.

Sun Protection: Depending on the time of year, it can get quite hot. Make sure to bring sunblock, a hat, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.

Warm Clothing: The site is located in the mountains, so it can be cooler than in the city, especially outside of the summer months. Even in summer, temperatures can drop in the evenings, so it’s a good idea to have a light jacket or sweater.

Rain Protection: If you’re visiting in a season where rain is possible, a waterproof jacket or umbrella could come in handy.

Camera: Termessos is known for its impressive ruins and stunning views, so you’ll likely want to take photos.

Guidebook or Information about the Site: There is little in the way of information at the site, so bring a guidebook or have some information on hand to help you understand what you’re seeing.

First Aid Kit: It’s always a good idea to carry a basic first aid kit when you’re hiking or walking extensively, including band-aids, antiseptic wipes, and tweezers.

Termessos is an ancient city site located in the mountains near Antalya, Turkey, and it’s part of the Termessos National Park. While there are no accommodations directly in Termessos, there are a variety of places to stay in the surrounding areas. Here are a few suggestions:

Antalya City: As one of the largest cities on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, Antalya has a wide range of accommodations to suit all budgets, from luxury resorts to budget-friendly hostels. Staying in Antalya will give you access to its numerous attractions, beautiful beaches, and vibrant nightlife.

Kemer: If you prefer a smaller beach town vibe, Kemer is another great option. It’s a popular resort town with a range of accommodation options, restaurants, and activities.

Guest Houses and B&Bs: In the region around Termessos, you might also find smaller guest houses or bed and breakfast accommodations. These often offer a more personal touch and can provide a unique experience.

Mountain Lodges or Cabins: For those who really love nature, look for a mountain lodge or cabin rental in the vicinity of the national park. This can provide a peaceful and scenic retreat after a day of exploring.

Termessos is situated in a mountainous region near Antalya, Turkey. Because of its elevation, it generally has a Mediterranean climate like the surrounding areas but is somewhat cooler and can receive snow in the winter.

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

Spring (March-May): Spring is a wonderful time to visit Termessos, with comfortable temperatures and the landscape covered in wildflowers.

Summer (June-August): Summers can be hot, but Termessos’ higher altitude often makes it more comfortable than the lower coastal regions. However, the sun can still be intense and there’s usually little shade, so it’s crucial to protect yourself from the sun and stay hydrated.

Autumn (September-November): Fall is another great time to visit, with mild temperatures and the changing foliage adding more beauty to the already spectacular site.

Winter (December-February): Winters can be quite cold, with temperatures dropping significantly, especially at night. Snow is possible, and the site may be closed in severe weather. It’s advisable to check the weather and site status before planning a visit in winter.

The best time to visit Termessos depends on your preferences, but generally, the cooler but pleasant temperatures in the spring (March to June) and fall (September to November) are ideal for visiting. During these periods, the weather is typically comfortable for outdoor exploration and the natural beauty of the area is at its peak with spring flowers or fall foliage.

Summer (June to August) can also be a good time to visit, especially early morning or late afternoon when the sun is less intense. Termessos’ elevation makes it cooler than the coast, but it can still get quite hot in the middle of the day.

Winter (December to February) visits can be beautiful if you don’t mind cooler temperatures, but keep in mind that snow is possible and severe weather can sometimes close the site. Always check weather forecasts and the site’s status before planning your visit during this season.

Termessos is an ancient city located on the mountain Gulluk Dagi in Antalya province, in southwestern Turkey. Due to its location in the Taurus Mountains, at an altitude of over 1,000 meters, it is one of Turkey’s most well-preserved ancient cities.

The history of Termessos dates back to the late Bronze Age, but the city was most prominent during the Classical Period. It was inhabited by the Solymi people, according to ancient sources, who were mentioned in Homer’s Iliad in relation to the Trojan War. Termessos then became part of the Persian Empire in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.

The city is perhaps best known for its resistance to Alexander the Great in 333 BC. Despite a lengthy siege, Alexander was unable to capture Termessos, due to its high-altitude and fortified position. This event led to the city being referred to as the “Eagle’s Nest.”

Following Alexander the Great’s death, Termessos gained its independence and later allied with the Roman Republic in the war against Antiochus III. It was recognized as an independent ally by the Romans, who allowed Termessos to keep its autonomy.

Over time, the city fell into decline, and by the 5th century AD, it was completely abandoned, possibly due to earthquakes or changes in socio-political conditions.

Today, Termessos is known for its impressive remains, including its theatre, agora, gymnasium, and tombs scattered throughout the city. Because of its mountainous location and difficult access, the site has been preserved from extensive excavation and remains a significant historical and tourist site.

Termessos, despite its antiquity and isolated location, has several notable highlights:

Resisting Alexander the Great: Termessos’ most significant historical achievement was likely its successful resistance against the siege of Alexander the Great in 333 BC. The city’s high-altitude and fortified position helped it withstand the siege, earning it the nickname “Eagle’s Nest.”

Autonomous Roman Ally: The Romans considered Termessos an independent ally, a rare status among cities in the region. The Roman Senate recognized its autonomy, indicating the strategic importance and respect Termessos commanded during the Roman period.

Preserved Ancient City: Due to its mountainous location and the limited amount of archaeological excavation, Termessos is one of the best-preserved ancient cities in Turkey, offering a rare glimpse into the past.

Historical Landmarks: Despite the lack of significant firsts in terms of invention or cultural milestones, Termessos is home to many historical landmarks. These include the city walls, King’s Road, gymnasium, agora, odeon, and a remarkably well-preserved theater that could accommodate around 4,200 spectators. The necropolis, with its grand tombs, is one of the most impressive in Turkey.

Natural Fortress: The location of Termessos itself is one of its most notable features. Positioned over 1,000 meters high in the Taurus Mountains, the city naturally became a formidable fortress. The site provides incredible views of the surrounding landscape, making it not only a significant historical site but also a destination for those who appreciate natural beauty.

Termessos is a rich archaeological site, home to numerous historical structures, including:

Theatre: Located at the highest point of the city, the Theatre of Termessos is one of its most impressive buildings. Despite its high altitude, the theatre was designed to accommodate 4,200 spectators and provides breathtaking views of the valley below.

Gymnasium: An ancient Greek term for a place to exercise, the gymnasium in Termessos was a social hub for education and physical training.

Odeon: The small theatre or odeon was a place for musical and poetic performances. It was an important cultural hub in ancient Termessos.

Agora: The central public space in ancient Greek city-states, the Agora of Termessos would have been a bustling marketplace and meeting area.

Necropolis: The city’s necropolis is filled with elaborate sarcophagi and tombs carved directly into the rock. These tombs give visitors a glimpse into the funerary customs and artistic styles of the time.

City Walls and Gates: The city’s fortifications are still partially intact, giving visitors a sense of how well-protected the city was in antiquity. The city walls and gates are some of the most impressive remnants of Termessos.

Cisterns: Termessos is home to numerous ancient cisterns, which were used to store and distribute water throughout the city.

Temple of Hadrian: A small yet significant temple built in honor of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Although only fragments of the temple remain, it still provides insight into the city’s religious practices.

The King’s Road: An ancient pathway connecting the city’s residential area with the necropolis. This path has deep historical and cultural significance.

Bouleuterion: This was the council house where the city’s elected officials met. It’s a great example of the democratic institutions in Greek cities.

Termessos doesn’t have any widely recognized historical individuals directly associated with its history, at least as of my last training data in September 2021. Much of what we know about Termessos comes from its impressive ruins, which suggest a prosperous and substantial city. However, the historical records don’t provide much detail about specific individuals who lived there.

However, Termessos is famous for successfully resisting Alexander the Great’s siege. Alexander the Great, one of the most famous historical figures from antiquity, tried to conquer Termessos in 333 BC during his Persian campaign but failed due to the city’s strategic location and the resistance of its inhabitants. So while there aren’t any individual famous people from Termessos itself, its resistance to Alexander the Great’s invasion is a significant event in its history.

1. Visit the Termessos Ancient City: One of the most preserved ancient cities in Turkey, where you can explore the remnants of the gymnasium, city walls, King’s Road, and more.
2. Explore the Termessos Theatre: A theatre situated at a height that provides a stunning view of the surrounding landscape.
3. See the Termessos Gymnasium: The remains of a once grand gymnasium used for sports and training in music and academic subjects.
4. Take a look at the Odeon: An odeon, a building made for musical performances, is a must-visit.
5. Visit the Hadrian’s Gate: An arch gate built in honor of the Roman emperor Hadrian’s visit to Antalya.
6. Walk around the Ancient Cisterns: These ancient water storage systems provide insight into the engineering capabilities of the ancient people of Termessos.
7. Visit the Necropolis: Explore the extensive necropolis of Termessos, with its rock-cut tombs scattered around the city.
8. Take a stroll through the Agora: The ancient marketplace and social center, where citizens would gather.
9. Visit the Corinthian Temple: An impressive temple dedicated to Zeus.
10. Explore the Nature Park: The ancient city of Termessos is located within the Güllük Dagi-Termessos National Park. It is a great place for hiking and bird-watching.
11. Photograph the city walls: The remains of the walls provide an interesting insight into the defensive strategies of the ancient city.
12. Explore the Heroon: A monument built to commemorate the heroes of Termessos.
13. Visit the Alcetas Tomb: This tomb is thought to be of Alcetas, one of the commanders of Alexander the Great who sought refuge in Termessos but was killed by the city’s inhabitants.
14. Take a hike to the city: The ancient city is at an altitude, and the hike offers a beautiful and scenic view of the surroundings.
15. Enjoy a picnic: There are several scenic spots around the archaeological site where you can enjoy a picnic.

Some of the best places to visit in Termessos include:

Ancient Theater: The ancient theater of Termessos is one of the most well-preserved theaters in Turkey. It offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and is a testament to the architectural prowess of the ancient city.

Upper City: The Upper City of Termessos is the main archaeological site and offers a glimpse into the ancient city’s layout and structures. Explore the ruins of temples, houses, and fortifications while enjoying panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

Gymnasium: The Gymnasium in Termessos was a central gathering place for physical exercise and intellectual pursuits. The ruins of this complex showcase the architectural skill of the ancient city.

Necropolis: The Necropolis in Termessos is an impressive collection of tombs and sarcophagi carved into the rock face. It reflects the funerary traditions of the ancient city and offers a unique sight.

Hadrian’s Gate: The Hadrian’s Gate in Termessos is an entrance gate to the city that bears inscriptions honoring the Roman Emperor Hadrian. It is a significant architectural feature of Termessos.

City Walls: The ancient city walls of Termessos are well-preserved and provide insight into the defensive structure of the city. Walk along the walls and imagine what it must have been like to live in this fortified city.

Rock-cut Tombs: Termessos is known for its rock-cut tombs, which are carved into the cliffs surrounding the city. These impressive burial sites offer a glimpse into the ancient funerary practices of the region.

Nature Trails: Explore the natural beauty of Termessos by following the nature trails that wind through the surrounding mountains. Enjoy scenic walks, spot wildlife, and experience the peacefulness of the area.

Karain Cave: Located near Termessos, Karain Cave is one of the oldest inhabited caves in Turkey. It contains archaeological evidence of human presence dating back to the Paleolithic period.

Water Channels: Termessos had a sophisticated water supply system, and the remains of its aqueducts and water channels can still be seen today. These structures showcase the engineering skills of the ancient city.

Hiking and Nature Exploration: Termessos is surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes, making it a great destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Hike through the Taurus Mountains, explore the forests, and discover hidden waterfalls and streams.

Picnic Areas: Enjoy a relaxing picnic in one of the designated picnic areas in Termessos. Take in the serene atmosphere and enjoy the natural surroundings.

Observation Points: Termessos offers several observation points where you can enjoy panoramic views of the city ruins and the surrounding mountains. These viewpoints provide excellent photo opportunities.

Museum: Visit the museum in Termessos to learn more about the history and archaeology of the ancient city. The museum displays artifacts and exhibits related to the site’s excavation and its significance.

Sunset Views: Experience the breathtaking beauty of a sunset over the Taurus Mountains from Termessos. The combination of ancient ruins and natural landscapes creates a magical ambiance during sunset.

When planning a visit to Termessos, joining a guided tour can enhance your experience and ensure you make the most of your time at the site. Here are some of the best Termessos Tours available:

Termessos Ancient City Tour: This tour takes you on a guided exploration of the ancient ruins of Termessos, including the theater, gymnasium, necropolis, and other key sites. Learn about the history and significance of the city from knowledgeable guides.

Nature and Hiking Tour: Combine a visit to Termessos with a hiking adventure in the surrounding Taurus Mountains. This tour allows you to explore the natural beauty of the area, including trails, forests, and waterfalls, while also experiencing the historical sites of Termessos.

Jeep Safari and Termessos Tour: Embark on an exciting Jeep safari that takes you off-road through the Taurus Mountains, leading to Termessos. Enjoy the thrill of the journey and the stunning landscapes, and then explore the ancient city with a guided tour.

Historical and Cultural Tour: This comprehensive tour includes visits to multiple historical sites in the Antalya region, including Termessos. Learn about the rich history and cultural heritage of the area as you explore the ancient city.

Private Guided Tour: For a more personalized experience, consider booking a private guided tour of Termessos. This allows you to tailor the tour to your interests and spend more time exploring specific areas of the site.